The Definition of Literature :: Definition Essays

The Definition of Literature      Literature has numerous implications yet to me when I hear the word writing I consider huge tomes of words and stories that have become works of art after some time anyway this is just a single meaning of writing. Writing originates from that Latin word littera, that straightforwardly deciphered methods letter, in this manner supporting that writing is composed. This view anyway forgets about the possibility that there can be oral writing too from which a considerable lot of our accounts and books originate from.      The principle type of writing, the book, has had an extraordinary effect upon the arrangement of our general public today. Before the 1940’s TV had not appeared at this point and there was very little else to do other than read books. In this manner books shaped my grandparents and somewhat my folks and, in spite of the fact that I experienced childhood in the age of TV, books as writing have in a roundabout way framed me too. There additionally can be types of imaginative writing, for example, verse or play composing. These additionally have a significant influence in writing, I accept, for example, Robert frost’s sonnets or crafted by Shakespeare the writer. These are extraordinary creators, whose writing isn't as an incredible story or a moving novel, yet in sporadic works that have remained with us for quite a while numerous years. I accept that one generally excellent meaning of writing is that writing must have certain characteristics, for example, plot, characters, tone, images, struggle, perspective, and numerous different components cooperating in a powerful relationship to deliver an abstract work. This practically characterizes the way that a great many people see writing today. This takes into consideration oral conventional stories just as for the unpredictable types of composing, for example, plays and sonnets that can likewise have plot, characters, tone and different components referenced with the goal that they can be esteemed a scholarly work.

Introduction to the Concept of Welfare Analysis

Prologue to the Concept of Welfare Analysis When considering markets, business analysts not just need to see how costs and amounts are resolved, yet they additionally need to have the option to compute how much worth markets make for society. Financial experts call this subject of study government assistance investigation, however, notwithstanding its name, the subject doesn’t have anything straightforwardly to do with moving cash to destitute individuals. How Economic Value Is Created By a Market Monetary worth made by a market gathers to various gatherings. It goes to: buyers when they can buy merchandise and ventures for short of what they esteem the utilization of the itemsproducers when they can sell products and enterprises for more than every thing cost to producethe government whenever markets give a chance to gather charges Monetary worth is additionally either made or decimated for society when markets cause overflow impacts for parties not straightforwardly engaged with a market as a maker or a customer (known as externalities). How Economic Value Is Quantified So as to evaluate this financial worth, business analysts just include the worth made for the entirety of the members in (or spectators to) a market. Thusly, financial analysts can compute the monetary effects of duties, endowments, value controls, exchange approaches, and different types of guideline (or deregulation). All things considered, there are a couple of things that must be remembered when seeing this sort of examination. To start with, in light of the fact that financial analysts essentially include the qualities, in dollars, made for each market member, they certainly accept that a dollar of significant worth for Bill Gates or Warren Buffet is identical to a dollar of significant worth for the individual who siphons Bill Gates’ gas or serves Warren Buffet his morning espresso. Correspondingly, government assistance examination regularly totals the incentive to shoppers in a market and the incentive to makers in a market. By doing this, business analysts likewise expect that a dollar of significant worth for the service station chaperon or barista considers the equivalent a dollar of significant worth for an investor of an enormous organization. (This isnt as nonsensical as it might at first appear, in any case, on the off chance that you think about how conceivable it is that the barista is additionally an investor of the huge enterprise.) Second, government assistance examination just tallies the quantity of dollars taken in charges instead of the estimation of what that charge income is at last spent on. In a perfect world, charge income would be utilized for ventures that are worth more to society than they cost in charges, yet practically this isn't generally the situation. Regardless of whether it were, it would be extremely hard to interface up charges on specific markets with what the assessment income from that market winds up purchasing for society. In this manner, market analysts intentionally separate out the investigations of what number of assessment dollars are produced and how much worth spending those expense dollars makes. These two issues are essential to remember when taking a gander at financial government assistance examination, yet they don’t make the investigation unessential. Rather, it’s supportive to see how much incentive in the total is made by a market (or made or annihilated by guideline) so as to appropriately evaluate the tradeoff between generally speaking worth and value or decency. Financial specialists regularly find that effectiveness, or boosting the general size of the monetary pie, is at chances with certain ideas of value, or separating that pie in a way that is viewed as reasonable, so its significant to have the option to evaluate at any rate one side of that tradeoff. As a rule, course reading financial matters makes positive determinations about the general worth made by a market and leaves it to scholars and policymakers to offer standardizing expressions about what is reasonable. In any case, its critical to see how much the monetary pie recoils when a reasonable result is forced so as to choose whether the tradeoff is justified, despite all the trouble.

Linking Sales Compensation to Performance

Linking Sales Compensation to Performance Linking sales compensation to performance is a much discussed but not always well-executed concept. I will examine why it is important to be clear about compensation, the different types of compensation, tying incentives to the goals of the company, quantitative and qualitative measures for compensation, and a couple of frameworks that work. © Shutterstock.com | Lumen PhotosIn this article, you will learn 1) an introduction to sales compensation, 2) how you can link the sales compensation to performance, 3) some quantitative and qualitative measures, and 4) how management by objectives can help.INTRODUCTION TO SALES COMPENSATION1) The three most common types of compensation plansThere are three common types of compensation plans explained in details below.Rate: The rate plan is a rate-based mechanic that is also known as a commission. Commissions pay at a percentage of sales. The rate can vary depending on whether it is being paid on the percent of the total sale, the gross profits or even a set dollar amount per unit of sales. Example: I am selling widgets. One widget costs $10.00. My boss tells me my compensation is 10% for each widget I sell. Easy math, I get a $1 per widget. Now my boss tells me he makes $7 per widget he sells, and I will receive 10% of the gross profit. Now my compensation per widget is 70 cents pe r widget I sell. If my boss decides he wants to pay on a set dollar per widget, he may tell me that he is going to pay me 50 cents for every widget I sell. All are easy math, and the employee can figure out the compensation level versus his performance.Quota: The quota plan pays an amount of money for the employee who makes their target (quota) and then adds compensation for going over the quota. That over the quota amount can be scaled up as well. For example, my boss tells me to sell 100 widgets and for every 10 widgets above the 100 I will receive $10. However, if he would like to scale up the compensation then he might add $10 per 10 until I reach another 100 widgets and then it is $15 for each 10 units over the 200 mark. A little more complicated, but still easy for the sales employee to figure.Link-based compensation: The Link-based compensation plan is one where there is a link between two measures. First the employee has to meet the first measure and then there may be a mult iplier that enhances the payout of all the employee has sold. There are several ways to do this. For example, I am to sell 100 of the blue widgets and as many of the red ones as I can. If I sell at least 100 blue widgets and 50 red widgets I may see an additional percent or dollar amount as an enhancement to my compensation.2) When compensation is confusingCompensation packages for sales professionals can be very confusing and sometimes de-motivating. As children, we hated delayed gratification, as adults we hate it even more. As a company, we will lose good people to other companies when our sales compensation plans are confusing.If managers put together a complex incentive package, the salesforce has no idea if they are making their goals or not. Making their goals translates into their incentive and if those are pushed too far out the employee does not feel a connection between what he is doing today and what he might be paid at the end of the year.3) When compensation is too far in the futureThe sales person asks, how am I doing? Will my efforts be enough? Keying in on these feelings, many companies change their compensation plans yearly. Again, the employee feels a level of frustration on how they will be paid in the future. If they did well that year, they might feel the company changed the formula to make it harder for them to make their goal the next year. As humans, we go with the negative first, even if there is no merit in that thinking.Excellent sales professionals want to know how they are performing. Even though they are receiving a base pay, that tells the top performers nothing about how they are actually performing. Some companies will argue that the sales cycle is long and therefore paying out on a yearly basis makes better sense. It might, for the company, but delaying gratification, no matter how large the payout, may create burnout for the sales force. The gratification is too far in the for the incentive to mean anything tangible.4) When it takes a cycle or two to make the saleCorrecting the problem involves having a set process for figuring compensation that everyone understands. Make sure you set rewards based on the performance measures that are most critical to your company. When the sales objective takes two or three cycles, but it is critical to the company, have a partial compensation measure for that salesperson. Otherwise, long-term sales relationships may be overlooked for short-term sales opportunities and, therefore, faster rewards.5) Some statisticsBenchmarking for success or how are we doing as a company? The best-in-class companies set the pace. According to Peter Ostrow, in 2012, Best-in-Class companies had 83% of their sales representatives achieving their annual quota. This is in comparison to the 53% of other firms that did not have sales representatives making their stated goals. How does your organization measure up to the 83%? What about the first year sales force? In Best-in-Class companies, 6 1% of the first year sales reps achieved annual quota in the last measured year versus 40% among all others. But how does that affect the bottom line? Well, 14.9% averaged year-over-year increases in corporate revenue, all others averaged 3.6%.HOW TO LINK SALES COMPENSATION TO PERFORMANCEDevon McDonalds article discusses the importance of identifying where your company is and then structuring a compensation plan around those goals. The first step is where are you and your company? Start-up? New and low sales? More established company? For new companies, it is all about making the sales. For a new company, or one just in the start-up phase, heavy compensation for sales is a motivator. The danger with starting with heavy compensation is after the company starts reaching sales goals, the company has to decide if they are going to continue to pay higher compensation. If the answer is no, then what will happen to the motivation of the sales force? This is when company equity could be a m otivator to the sales force and replace some of the higher compensation.Step 1. Understanding the goals of the companyIf the company is established does the sales force understand the needs and goals of the company? One way to determine the sales needs is to start with the number in sales you want to make during the year and then work backward to determine how much needs to be sold to meet that goal. Then break that number down and assign compensation to meet that outcome for the company. Keep the compensation plan simple and straight forward. Never cap your compensation plan. Capping the compensation plan means as soon as sales meet their goal they can relax. Tie the compensation plan to both individual goals and team goals.Step 2. Defining timingDefine timing for tracking and payout for sales professionals. Sales professionals want to know how they will be measured and tracked and how this will relate to their individual earnings. Mark Donnolo advises setting the levels and the ti ming. Be clear about what you are measuring, is it for an individual or the region? After selecting the measure, make sure you pay on a set schedule, monthly or quarterly. Another aspect of setting the timing is to make sure you are in synch with the long sales process. If your company is one that has a longer sales cycle, then payouts need work within that sales cycle.When to reward: Reward when goals are met. The more frequently your company can pay out the better. However, that compensation may be different for different levels in your sales force. Met goals on a long cycle can be recognized with incentives other than the end payout. If your company cannot pay out in the cycle, then find other ways to acknowledge and reward top salespeople.Threshold is met: Initially companies need to communicate the threshold to their sales force. This is where the sales professional starts to earn incentives for results over and above their salary. Sales professionals need to understand that th e threshold is tied to the operating costs of the company and is necessary to fund the basic salaries. Over and above the threshold is where the sales professional can affect his income. Once the threshold is met, then the sales professional aims at hitting the plan.Target is met: Hitting above the quota, hitting the plan, or making the incentive is going above the threshold of operating costs and making the extra money for the sales force and the company. Once the target is met then the real sales earnings start.Excellence is met: Being excellent is being in the top 5%-10% of the sales force for the company. Excellence needs to be defined in your organization. Remember, excellence includes not only sales goals but other measures as well. Time with customers, getting new accounts, maximizing sales with an established account, selling more of new product and other measures.Sliding scales: Sliding scales can be used when the sales rep is expected to make high volume transactions. Howe ver, it does not work as well when the sales are a smaller number that include larger sales.Step 3. Defining Incentive MechanicsIdentifying the roles and compensation for the sales professionals in your company is also a place to increase motivation. If the lead generator is newly out of college, then the expectations for pay may be weekly or monthly. If the sales professional is a vice-president for sales, their compensation may be monthly or quarterly, in addition to when the company pays regular salaries.Defining base salary: You need to determine, in your business, how difficult it is for your sales team to make the sales goals. Are the leads plentiful or do sales people have to really dig for them? If the leads are plentiful, then the level of compensation should reflect that and the same if they sales rep really has to work to find the lead and make the sale. You also have to determine how much you are going to manage the sales rep or do they have a high level of autonomy? Whe n the sales rep is experienced in your company then they clearly need less supervision, however, even if they are experienced sales person coming from another company, some coaching will be necessary to integrate them into the culture and incentives of their new company.Defining Commissions: When defining commissions for the sales team, it is important to determine some variables up-front so that incentives serve their true purpose. First, the company needs to know how complex is the sales cycle for their product? How much influence do the sales reps have on the on the buying process? The last question is how does your business operate… is it based on inbound sales, outbound sales or farming? Inbound sales are those sales that come to the company, outbound is the hunting function of the sales reps and farming is growing the existing business through more sales or products. Each of the methods has a bearing on the levels of compensation that are necessary to incentivize.Another que stion to ask yourself in setting up a compensation plan is whether you want to set a floor and a ceiling. Yes, you want a floor. A floor is where each sales person starts. They are expected to sell at that level to start and can go nowhere but up. If they fall below the floor, then immediate coaching is necessary. However, no sales person should stay at the floor for more than a cycle using this is their training period. Should you set a ceiling, no! You want sales reps to sell until the cycle is over and start again. Why set a cut-off for your business? Is this all you want to make this cycle?Defining Bonus over performance element of sale compensation: Bonuses reward excellence. Set too high no one will attempt to reach the goal, set too low, they will not serve the purpose of being a reward to the sales force, i.e., everyone makes the bonus. Remember, the bonus does not always have to be monetarily. If you are compensating your sales force well with salary and other incentives and set the bonus level high, then extraordinary bonuses could be used. Some companies reward with stock or equity in the company. Other companies give vacations or gifts.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE MEASURESGenerally, the measures for sales performance can be splitted into two major categories: quantitative and qualitative. Here are some more insights about both categories.Quantitative measures its all about the numbersThe quantitative measures are the ones you are most familiar with, and we have been discussing. These are the sales numbers, the quotas, the threshold, the targets. They are black and white numbers.i) How much did I/we sell?How much did I make? is a quantitative measure. Make this formula easy for the sales professional to understand. The more difficult the metrics, the more room there is for error and de-motivation. Sales professionals know how much they sold, they need to easily be able to figure what their commission is for that sale.ii) Did I/we capture a new cu stomer base?Did I capture a new customer base? How many new customers did I find this cycle? This is a real number as well. If you ask your sales force to generate their own leads, then they can expect to see current and future sales from that new customer. As a company, you have to decide if you also reward the sales rep for finding a new customer base over and above sales associated with that customer.iii) Will our new customer base yield us more dollars?Will these new customers yield us the type of sales we need? These are the numbers we are accustomed to and we base compensation off of for the sales force. Hard and fast numbers are what we are all used to from a sales perspective and a business owner or manager.iv) What are the company metrics for me?Again we revisit the idea of the tangibles for sales people. Making this clear for sales professionals is not always a strong suit for companies. Each person needs to have it in black and white what their sales metrics are and how t hey will be measured. Complicated formulas generated by others without any input from the sales reps can end up being very de-motivating.Qualitative Measures subjective measuresThe qualitative measures are the subjective measures and are often overlooked in the haste to generate new sales. So what are the qualitative measures?i) Customer Service retaining the base dollarsDid we retain our customers by providing excellent service to them or were we more worried about making the next sale? It is much easier to keep the customer you have (and profitable) than having to look for a new one. After the sales professional has made the sale the customer will want to deal with that person if there are problems, not someone else in the firm. Repeat sales depend on good customer service. However, it is difficult to split time between making sales (where you generate income) and servicing an existing customer (already made the income).ii) Team player in a field of one?Did you set us your sales force to work in a team environment? If so, does help someone else mean losing income? If so, you destroyed the team. Make sure there are incentives for being a team player then do not interfere with but add to overall compensation. While some companies believe putting salespeople against each other is good for the company, it can result in stolen sales or customer dissatisfaction. Contests are good, but again, ask sales what they want rather than imposing something stupid on them.iii) Rewards in the long sales cycleWe talked about breaking down incentives to cover a long sales cycle. Make sure the sales reps understand when they are paid and what they are being paid for each check. Payout what you can rather than waiting longer. We want to increase motivation. This is a great time to increase communication and see what will work by asking the sales reps for their input.iv) Linking qualitative performance and key sales objectives (KSO) to milestonesCreate milestones for the team, l ink those sales to key sales objectives (KSO). Colletti and Colletti-Fiss give six ideas to consider. The first is to state a clear path for the KSO incentive and the limit the number of KSO measures, adhere to best practice selective criteria, set appropriate incentive weights, specify a realistic performance period, and simplify KSO administration. Carefully set these reward sales for non-sales milestones. You might not want to reward non-sales activities for sales personnel but carefully crafted these KSOs will generate sales in the long run and loyalty in the short run.Typical MeasuresMake sure you do not over do it with too many measures. The majority of organizations (75%) use three or fewer performance measures. Companies want to see total revenues as their first measure and gross margin sales as their next. Keep your sales force engaged. We often wonder where good sales people come from and where do our good ones go? Incentive plans have a lot to do with sales reps jumping s hip. Make sure you are communicating with your sales reps on how they are doing and how they will be paid. When interviewing for new talent remember, if they were top performers at another company, that does not mean they will be a top performer for you. Quite the opposite is true. Talent is not talent. Individuals thrive in certain circumstances so find out if you are a good fit for them, rather than are they a good fit for you.MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO) BASED PAY AND BALANCED SCORE CARD (BSC)MBO Based PayMBO based pay is using other measures to compensate the sales force. MBO rewards employees for meeting objectives. MBOs can be used when it is difficult to collect the needed data on individual sales and provide appropriate compensation for those individuals. MBOs can be used after the sale. Previously we talked about how to keep sales reps motivated when they feel they are missing current sales by handling already established customers. MBOs can bridge that gap for your com pany helping the sales rep to reap rewards, and your company retain established customers.Data-Driven Sales objectivesMichael Martin and Kyle Heller discuss using MBO-incentive plans when there are certain factors that affect the typical ways to pay. If a company is selling to a big-box retailer or engages in team selling, it might be more difficult to break down the individuals contribution to the total dollars sold. Some companies do not collect sufficient data to measure individual sales performance, or the cycle does not neatly fit within the sales year. The team or the individuals are therefore rewarded on a set of objectives that are tied to sales, but can be rewarded without having to meet a set quota.Linking the data to everyoneIn a team selling environment, creating solid MBOs can move a team forward. The MBOs give a clear path, drive results, and involve the entire team in sales efforts. Since the data is tied to everyone, someone who is not performing will be noticed righ t away.Balanced Score Card (BSC) based payThe Balanced Score Card (BSC) is used in the banking industry. There can be an add-on bonus for those positions not tied directly to sales but as support for the team when they make their goal. The system focuses the seller on what is driving the organization, the outputs they have to have, and what is most important in their jobs. Again, compensation must be immediate rather than a long cycle.Using strategic planning to drive the metricsPart of the strategic planning is to develop a checklist that defines what is important to the organization. Then that checklist can be attached to real jobs and real outcomes. These checklists define that job positions metrics and how that person will be measured and thereby compensated.Focus the seller on organizational objectivesThis process helps to focus the seller on what is important to the organization, not just what is easy to sell. When a company has too many metrics to measure sales, and some of t hose are quicker and easier than the rest, sales reps will concentrate on those. The faster easier payout may not be what is best for the organization.CONCLUSIONIn summary, a good compensation plan linked to sales must be clearly communicated to the sales force. Measures need to be established, so individuals know how they are being evaluated. Pay incentives must be as immediate as possible accounting for long cycles. Other incentives are acceptable, even desirable, as long as adequate compensation is delivered first. Never set a ceiling on incentives or bonuses.

The Concept of Change in the Wachowski Brothers Film The...

As individuals overcome the inevitable process of change, they begin to realize their full potential. In the set text, the 1999 Wachowski Brother’s film, The Matrix, the concept of change is significantly explored. In the related texts â€Å"Plato’s Allegory of the cave† and â€Å"The Door† clearly represents and reinforces this concept of change; that it is inevitable and experiences from this process leads to wisdom. In each text, the individual composers explore certain themes such as â€Å"the illusion of reality†, â€Å"choices and the endless outcomes of change† and â€Å"the fear and danger of knowing†. All the texts mentioned visible represents that â€Å"It is the process of transformation that ultimately allows potential to be realized†. In the Matrix,†¦show more content†¦Similarly in Plato’s allegory of the cave, there are prisoners who have falsely believed the only â€Å"reality they know†. T he prisoners are stabilized with chains since childhood with an enormous fire behind it and just in front of it are shapes of various animals, plants and other things in which the prisoners would entertain themselves by guessing what the shapes look like. Few of the prisoners would only have the courage to â€Å"go outside† and become unfettered from the chains thus achieving their full potential. As people are freed, it allows them to develop other skills to survive in another environment. However, individuals have seen their friends gone out and come back with a â€Å"lost of sight†. This creates fear towards the other prisoners thus not wanting to take risks which would potentially affect their lives. This is the fear of not knowing what would happen to them in the end. When the inevitable process of change is completed, there are endless outcomes. In the Matrix, Neo changes himself with a high risk of failure. Neo has to make the decision to whether take the blue or red pill. 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The Unexplained Mystery Into Chemistry Lab Report Discovered

The Unexplained Mystery Into Chemistry Lab Report Discovered The document ought to be free of grammatical errors and ought to be submitted on-time. Details about it doesn't exceed two laboratory curricula. The informal report doesn't need information on the. If it is necessary, seek advice from your teacher about the format for such a form of page. Chemistry Lab Report Fundamentals Explained An official lab report is the way you communicate the facts of your. If you're not dressed appropriately, you won't be permitted into lab. Furthermore, you will know what makes a fantastic lab report. If you must compose a chemistry lab report. After you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin trying to find a proper writer for your paper. The abstract gives a concise summary of your lab report and ought to be. When you have questions, or desire to report an issue, please contact the. You should concentrate on the things you used in your experiment and that which you did. In case you have some troubles with uploading, do not be afraid to write us via chat. When you have questions about why something was graded a specific way or what you can do in order to boost your lab report scores, talk to your TA. Developing a comic together with your kids is lots of fun for everybody. Now, science has arrived at the rescue. Knowledge Management In the present essay we'll analyze why knowledge management is valuable to the success of organizations. When you're writing your lab report the objective is to permit the reader to. Know what type of science project is demanded. As a consequence, finding the ideal science fair project can be hard. Today, there are an infinite number of students that are studying MBA and during their course, they are requested to complete essays regularly. Writing papers in college expects that you produce sophisticated, complex, and even creative methods of. Students must move past the normal fill-in-the-blank lab report form and create the. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. A A levels lab report college essay ought to be an extensive examination and really important assessment connected with an authentic clinical. It's vital that you comprehend the demand for, and format of, a fantastic report. Lab reports are the most common type of document written in. Writing a great chemistry lab report is the duty of every college chemistry student who has the goal of succeeding in their academic life. Locating a fantastic resource to bargain alongside your assignment is actually a challenge. During both decades of the IB physics course you will execute lots of. Most university courses involve some type of extended writing assignment, normally in the kind of a research paper. The report should think about looking much more target than online be with respect to the suggestions college students will come across online. Such actions are plagiarism, although the statement may not be word-for-word the specific same as in the original. To start with, a report ought to have a title. For instance, you might be asked to compose a report or you might be requested to review. In college-level chemistry lab report writing, the very first portion of a very good report ought to be the title page.

World Trade Center Bathtub Free Essays

One of the famous structures ever built in the entire history of mankind is the World Trade Center. The said structure is said to have hold numerous offices and institutions that plays a vital role in running the economy of America and even to other nations. Moreover, the World Trade Center is also one of tallest buildings ever erected making it attractive to many people around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on World Trade Center: Bathtub or any similar topic only for you Order Now This might also be the reason why the said structure was attacked and was brought down by the alleged terrorists in the year 2001. The structure then was totally destroyed and what only remained was its mere foundation. A Brief History. In the year 1946, the New York state planned to build a structure that would serve as the center for trade and commerce in the said U. S state. Manhattan was chosen to be the location of the planned structure in the year 1962. Numerous professionals were tapped to facilitate the construction of the World Trade Center including Japanese architects and engineers leading the design and construction team. The construction started in the year 1966, starting with the first tower located in the northern part of the site. The north tower was completed after six years and the center accepted tenants even before the tower was totally furnished. A year after the construction of the north tower, another building finished its construction located in the southern region of the site. It was on the same year that the dedication of the World Trade Center commenced. During that time, the World Trade Center was considered as the tallest structure ever built with 110-storey with more than a thousand and three hundred feet in height. Structural Foundation The foundation of the World Trade Center twin towers was constructed with one of the deep foundations ever made. A deep basement was made to support the entire structure of these towers and all of the loads the structure handles. The said basement is also called as the bathtub. This refers to as the underground foundation area not only of the World Trade Center but also of the adjacent buildings located in New York. The bathtub is a distorted rectangle in shape with dimensions equal to almost a thousand feet by five hundred twenty feet with a depth of about seven-storey building. The bathtub is situated down to the rock layer of earth’s foundation. It is then further supported by strong, solid walls that served as the barriers to impede water from the Hudson River to enter the foundation. The said walls are also called as slurry walls. This foundation was made due to the fact that the site where the World Trade Center was erected was man-made. Moreover, the bathtub was built underground and submerged into water. The bathtub designers used pre-fabricated steel as framework of the main foundation of the building. The amount of steel used totaled about two hundred thousand tons to supply the needs for the foundation of the World Trade Center. Braces were placed to support the slurry wall aside from the supplemental support provided by the bedrock. The Foundation Design of the World Trade Center Source: www. wc7. net The Bathtub The foundation designed by the architects and engineers was seen to be massive, just as what should be considering the height of the buildings to be erected on top of the said foundation. It is a must for any gigantic structure to cling its foundation on the solid rock located beneath the earth’s ground. To attach the foundation to the bedrock, the construction workers dug enormous mass of soil and brought it up on the earth’s surface. Another challenge that was faced by the builders is that the site is near a body of water. The water coming from the river may interfere in the construction of the foundation of the World Trade Center. To resolve this problem, the workers used digging machines to create channels down to the solid rock area of earth. As they dig troughs, the workers placed a slurry wall made up of bentonite. Bentonite is an expensive type of clay that is effective in impeding water from flowing. The said material would go within the dug channels, which would effectively block the water coming form underneath the surface. Pictorial Representation of the Foundation for the World Trade Center Source: www. deepexcavation. com Slurry Wall Slurry walls, also known as diaphragm wall is a type of structure created and casted in a certain trough or channel. The trench was hinged by an expensive type of clay called as bentonite that is specified to impede soil erosions into the foundation. In other terms, slurry walls refer to a wall that is utilized to obstruct stream flow. There are equipments that are being used in applying the slurry walls in building foundations. Some of the tools used include hydromills, hydraulic clamshells and other trenching equipment. Slurry Wall History The first slurry wall that was constructed was in the year 1950 in Italy. Four years earlier, slurry walls undergone series of tests to assess its capabilities as a part of foundation of a big structure. In the year 1960, this technology was introduced in the United States of America by the European building designers. Various buildings in the US were built using the slurry walls which includes structures located in New York and California. It was only after the said structures were built that the World Trade Center was erected and used the slurry walls in its foundation. Other key states utilized the technology like Boston and Washington D. C. Slurry Wall Construction Slurry wall construction can be summarized into four steps, as shown in the figure below. The first procedure is to create a trench and applying the clays used in forming the slurry walls (A). After this procedure, a steel cylinder is inserted at the ends of the excavated areas (B). After that, a fortification cage is placed down the trench to add more support in the foundation (C). The last procedure is the concreting of pipes where the buildings would be attached. Pictorial Presentation of Slurry Wall Construction Source: www. deepexcavation. com Slurry Wall Applications There are numerous applications that can be associated with the utilization of slurry walls. One of its major applications is to serve as earth retention barriers for tunnels, subterranean vaults, and excavations. Another application of slurry walls is for blocking water penetration onto the foundation. Increasing the strength of the foundation of any structure is also one of the major applications of these slurry walls. Moreover, contamination prevention is also one basic application that is used by many architects and engineers. A gas leakage prevention form landfill is also one application that can be associated with the slurry walls. However, there are also limitations in using slurry walls in the construction of foundation. Construction of slurry walls requires heavy equipments that consume a lot of space in the construction site. Operational costs are also expensive because of the materials needed in the construction of slurry walls. Slurry Wall: After 9/11 Attack The attack made on the twin towers of the World Trade Center caused severe damage into the structure. Furthermore, after the fall of the entire structure down to the ground, many people worried about the possible damage on the slurry walls and the bathtub of the World Trade Center which can possibly affect the adjacent structures built near the vicinity of the World Trade Center. Water penetration from the Hudson River can provide damages on other structures and can also bring flooding in the nearby areas. Because of these concerns, a team of experts was sent to check the status of the said walls and inspected the entire foundation site continuously using various equipments like inclinometers and other monitoring devices. Rehabilitation of the said walls were made in order to maintain the strength of the foundation of the World Trade Center and to avoid recurring problems that might bring more harm to the people and properties in the said region. How to cite World Trade Center: Bathtub, Papers

Influential Person free essay sample

Everyone in life has a person or a group of people that has influenced him or her the most. As for me, that one special person is my father. My father comes from a strong, religious family of twelve with two brothers and a twin brother who died before reaching three months old. Both of his parents passed away when he was 19. He then moved to Guam and lived on his own until he received his Associates Degree in Accounting. Upon receiving his degree, he returned home to American Samoa to trive to be successful in any possible way that he could. My father is a really hardworking man that will possibly do anything to help his family, church, and community; thus, is one of the reasons why hes the most influential person in my life. He is the backbone of our family and is someone I can always count on. We will write a custom essay sample on Influential Person or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Life during his time was difficult due to poverty and the lack of technology, but my father was able to push through, risk little that he had, and start his own business. In fact, is business is still in operation up to this day and is our familys main source of wealth. With my father coming from a very religious family, I too was raised in one. Ever since I was a young girl, my father made me attend all church activities yet I never really wanted to. Not only did he have me go to all church ministries, but he also planted a seed in my heart through family prayers and Bible studies at home. His perseverance in pushing me to be a devoted Christian has helped me become a better person in many ways. I have now grown up to learn how to love, respect, and to be polite although it may be really hard and tough at times. My father is really special and dear to me not only because hes an amazing and loving father, but because his ways and teachings has brought me to where I am today and has shaped me into a decent young woman. He has made such an impact in my life in which I could never ask to have another father or trade him for anyone else, for I am more than satisfied, happy, and grateful with whom he is as a father to me. Influential person free essay sample The most influential person in my life would have to be my mother, Dolores. She has showed me how to be a hard working woman, how to care for others even though we don’t have the time or money to care for ourselves sometimes, and how to be a strong and independent woman. (more) Influential Person free essay sample Sussudio Hollis Hollis 1 English 093 Ms. Davis 07-13-2010 Most Influential Person My mother has reached many obstacled in her lifetime. Since I was a little girl, her love for me has made me a better person. She has showed me the importance of an education, having faith in God, the importance of career goals, my appearance and my attitude. My mother knows how important these life choices are and have taught me that if I continue to follow them, I will be very successful in life. Education has been very important in my household. My mother has implanted this in not only me, but also my siblings. Making good grades in school since I was in grade school was always her number one priority. She always told me to do my best and thats all she could ask for. Her believing in me motivated me to believe in myself. My mother was a graduate of Ensley High School. We will write a custom essay sample on Influential Person or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She went on to Miles College where sshe received a Bachelors Degree in Social Working. My mother kept the belief that in order for me and my brothers and sisters to succeed, she had to continue hereducation so that she could be a role model for us to look up to. Her success in education as motivated me tremendously. Having faith in God have always been my mothers belief. This was implanted in her from my grandmother and grandfather. She taught me that God can help me through anything. She made sure that I was baptized when I was a little girl. My mothertaught me how to pray and read the bible. She always told me that as I grow up in life, always allow God to guide me down the right path. If I stumble along the way, God will always pick me up. Through all of her stumbles, God has picked her up and made her who she is today. I admire my mother for continuing to talk about God and making me know how important he is in my life. My mother career goals were very successful. She always told me to get a high school diploma and then a degree. This is exactly what she did. My mother has a great job and is very proud. Her going back to college motivated me to go back. I attended college before but I did not finish. I ended up getting a dead end job that paid minimal wage. This did not sit well at all with my mother. She told me that I was not sticking to my goals and that I should sit down and reevaluate my life. My mother showed me how imporatant college is. I know now that without a college degree, I will not find a good paying job. My mother definitely made me put my career goals back on track and to her I am thankful. My mother has a great appearance and attitude. She dresses neat everyday and always starts her day with a smile and a greeting. Always be polite, she tells me. When my mother enters a room, the entire room lights up. She has always told me that appearance is everything especially when I am trying to get a job. My mother believes that a nice appearance, a great smile, and knowledge from an education will get me a great job in the future. In conclusion, my mother has been a great role model in my life. She has influenced me to make good life choices. The impact that my mother have on my life will give me the courage to motivate my own children some day. She is my greatest admirer because she never gives up on life and lives each day like its her last. She is truely a strong woman and I love her very much.